Database design

Database design, migration and performance for business applications

Database design decides how your application stores, relates and protects its data. A well-designed schema keeps records consistent, queries fast and new features easy to add; a poor one causes duplicated data, slow pages and risky changes. I design and improve databases for business applications, mainly PostgreSQL with Prisma, as well as MongoDB and Firebase, including migrations from spreadsheets or legacy systems.

When to invest in database work

  • You are starting a new application and want the data model right from the beginning
  • Pages or reports have become slow as data has grown
  • The same information is stored in several places and no longer matches
  • You need to move from spreadsheets or an old system into a proper database
  • You are unsure whether backups, access control and recovery are in place

What's included

Data modelling

Entities, relationships and constraints designed from your business rules, so invalid data cannot be stored.

Schema and migrations

Version-controlled schema changes with Prisma or SQL migrations, safe to apply in production.

Performance tuning

Query analysis, indexes and restructuring for slow pages, reports and dashboards.

Data migration

Cleaning, de-duplicating and importing data from spreadsheets or legacy systems, with checks that totals match.

Security and access

Least-privilege access, separation of customer data in multi-tenant systems and protection of sensitive fields.

Backups and recovery

Automated backups and a tested restore process, so data loss is recoverable.

Model the business, not just the screens

Databases outlive interfaces. Screens change every few months, but customer, order, payment and inventory records may need to stay correct for years. I model data around the real business entities and rules, use constraints so the database itself rejects invalid records, and document why the structure is the way it is.

For performance problems, I measure before changing anything. Most slow applications are fixed by a few targeted indexes, better queries or reporting tables, rather than a new database technology.

How the project runs

  1. Understand the dataBusiness entities, rules, volumes, growth and how the data is read and reported.
  2. Design or auditSchema design for new projects, or a review of the existing database with measured findings.
  3. ImplementMigrations, indexes and query changes applied in a staging environment first.
  4. Migrate dataImports with validation and reconciliation reports.
  5. ProtectBackups, access rules and monitoring in place before and after go-live.

Technology choices

  • PostgreSQLRelational data with strong consistency, ideal for orders, payments, inventory and ledgers.
  • PrismaType-safe database access and version-controlled migrations in TypeScript projects.
  • MongoDBDocument-shaped data and flexible schemas where they genuinely fit the product.
  • FirebaseReal-time data and quick prototypes, with security rules designed carefully.

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What affects cost and timeline

  • Size and complexity of the data model
  • Volume and quality of data to migrate
  • Performance targets and current bottlenecks
  • Security, compliance and multi-tenancy requirements
  • Hosting platform and backup requirements

Every estimate starts from your requirements. Request a quote with your users, must-have features, timeline and budget range, and I will reply with questions and a suggested first phase.

Frequently asked questions

PostgreSQL or MongoDB: which is better?

Neither is better in general. PostgreSQL suits most business applications with related records and transactions. MongoDB can suit document-shaped or highly variable data. The choice should follow your data and queries.

Can you fix a slow database without rebuilding the application?

Usually, yes. Measuring slow queries and adding the right indexes, rewriting problem queries or adding summary tables often brings large improvements without changing the application's structure.

Can you move our spreadsheets into a database?

Yes. Data is cleaned, de-duplicated and imported into a structured schema, with reconciliation checks so nothing is lost.

How do you keep data safe during migrations?

Backups are taken first, migrations run in staging before production, and changes are designed to be reversible where possible.

Do you work with existing hosted databases?

Yes, including managed PostgreSQL providers, MongoDB Atlas and Firebase. Recommendations take your current hosting into account.

Have a project in mind?

Tell me what you want to build, who will use it and when you need it. I will reply with questions and a practical next step.

Discuss your project